Information Details

Site selection and layout planning of chicken farms

Release time:

2019-08-07

Site selection and layout planning of (I) chicken farms

1. Site selection

Site selection should be based on the principles of convenient production and operation, convenient transportation, good epidemic prevention conditions and low investment. Because once the chicken farm is completed, it is not easy to change, so a comprehensive understanding and comprehensive examination should be carried out before the farm is built. The following issues should be considered:

(1) Geographical conditions: the site of the chicken farm should be a place with high dry terrain, good drainage and leeward to the sun; The water quality of the water source meets the requirements, because it is related to the water for production and living and construction. To understand the geological and soil conditions and investigate the stratum structure, it mainly depends on its pressure resistance to the building foundation. It is required not to be contaminated by infectious diseases, with good air permeability and water permeability to ensure the dryness of the site; understand the climatic and meteorological data of the site area as a reference for the design of chicken farm buildings and guiding production.

(2) Environmental Conditions: Water Supply: Chicken farms are generally far away from the city. If there is no water supply from the water supply company, you can drill wells and repair water towers to ensure the water supply of the chicken farm.

Power Supply: It is necessary to carefully understand whether there is the possibility of double power supply. If not, you need to bring your own generator to prevent power failure. It is necessary to ensure normal power supply at any time, because the higher the degree of mechanization, the stronger the dependence on electricity;

Transportation: Generally, you should choose a place with convenient transportation, close to the road, close to the place of consumption and the source of feed. The site should not only have a certain distance from the main traffic lines (preferably more than 1000 meters) to facilitate epidemic prevention, but also meet the needs of poultry farm transportation.

2. Plan Design

(1) The principle of chicken farm zoning is: the zoning planning of various houses and facilities should be based on the convenience of epidemic prevention and production organization. First of all, we should consider the protection of people's working and living environment, try to make it free from feed dust, feces, smell and other pollution; secondly, we should pay attention to the epidemic prevention and hygiene of the production flock, and put an end to the environmental pollution of the production area by pollution sources. In short, people should be the first, pollution after the arrangement of the order. The zoning layout is generally: production, administration, living, auxiliary production, sewage treatment and other areas.

(2) Several issues to be considered when planning layout:

① Setting of districts: General administrative districts are connected with production auxiliary districts and separated by walls, while living districts are preferably self-contained. Usually the living area is more than 100 meters away from the administrative area and the production area. The sewage treatment area should be below the main wind direction and keep a large distance from the living area. The order of each area is according to the dominant wind direction. The terrain level and the direction of water flow are the living area, administrative area, auxiliary production area, production area and sewage treatment area. If the terrain is inconsistent with the wind direction, the wind direction is the main; the wind and water are the main wind.

② The feeding process determines the number of chicken houses. Different feeding processes divide the feeding of chickens into two stages and three stages. The two-stage feeding means that the brooding is one stage and the chicken is one stage. Two kinds of chicken houses need to be built. Generally, the ratio of the two kinds of chicken houses is 1:2. The three-stage feeding method is brooding, brooding, and chicken breeding. The ratio of the three kinds of chicken houses is generally 1:2:6. According to the epidemic prevention and hygiene requirements of the production flock, the production area is also best to adopt zoning breeding, so the three stages of breeding are divided into brooding area, brooding area, chicken area, two stages are divided into brooding area, chicken area, chicken house should be placed in the upwind direction, followed by the breeding area and chicken area.

③ The orientation of the chicken house: The correct orientation can not only help ventilation and adjust the temperature of the house, but also make the overall layout compact and save land area. It is mainly determined according to the two main factors of solar radiation and dominant wind direction in various regions.

④ chicken house spacing and production area of the road: consider the chicken house spacing must first consider the epidemic prevention requirements, sewage requirements and fire prevention requirements and other factors. Generally, taking 3-5 times the height of the chicken house as the spacing can meet several requirements. The roads in the production area are divided into clean roads and sewage roads. The clean road is dedicated to the transport of eggs, fodder and herd transfer, while the sewage road is dedicated to the transport of chicken manure and knockout chickens.

⑤ Greening of chicken farms: Greening can not only beautify and improve the natural environment of chicken farms, but also play an obvious role in protecting the environment of chicken farms, promoting safe production and improving the economic benefits of production. The green layout of chicken farms should be planted with different kinds of trees according to the different needs of different sections, so as to play the functional role of various trees.

⑥ Chicken coop type: The types of chicken coops can be divided into open chicken coops and closed chicken coops (also known as environmentally controlled chicken coops). The closed chicken coop needs electricity for ventilation and illumination. It is an energy-consuming chicken coop building and depends heavily on electricity. Open chicken coop is an energy-saving chicken coop building that uses natural conditions. This kind of chicken coop relies on natural air ventilation, natural light plus artificial supplementary light, no heating, and solar energy and chicken body heat to maintain the temperature.

⑦ Feeding methods: divided into two types: flat breeding and cage breeding. The flat chicken house has the advantages of small breeding density, large construction area and high investment. Only broilers in China use this kind of chicken house. According to the distribution of chicken fences and management channels, it can be divided into no walkway flat, single row single walkway, double row single walkway, double row double walkway, four rows double walkway, etc.

cage feeding density is larger, relatively small investment, easy to epidemic prevention and management. According to the combination form of the cage, it is divided into full ladder, half ladder, laminated type, composite type and flat type. The arrangement of chicken cages in the house can be in the form of one whole row, two half rows of two aisles, two whole rows of three aisles, two whole rows of two half rows of three aisles, three whole rows of four aisles, etc.

3. Architectural design of chicken coop

(1) Principle of architectural design:

meets the physiological requirements of chickens and creates a good environmental condition so that chickens can give full play to their variety advantages and production potential. Suitable for factory production requirements, to meet the conditions required for mechanization, automation or leave to add equipment in the future conditions. In line with the requirements of safety, health and epidemic prevention, it is convenient for thorough washing and disinfection. There are no gaps in the roof and walls of the chicken house, and the floor and wall skirts should be firm. All openings and holes shall be equipped with firm metal mesh covers to prevent wild birds from flying in and rats from making holes. In line with the overall plane design requirements of the chicken farm, reasonable layout, local conditions, saving building materials, reduce cost.

(2) Basic structure of chicken coop:

chicken coop has many classification methods. According to the building form of chicken coop, it can be divided into three types: closed chicken coop (windowless chicken coop), ordinary chicken coop (windowless chicken coop) and roller shutter chicken coop. According to the method and equipment, it can be divided into flat chicken coop and cage chicken coop; according to the feeding stage, it can be divided into brooding chicken coop, breeding chicken coop, adult chicken coop, brooding chicken coop, breeding laying chicken coop, brooding-breeding-laying chicken coop and so on. The following is a brief introduction according to the form of chicken house building.

① Closed chicken coop: The roof and walls of this kind of chicken coop are closed with heat insulation materials, with air inlets and exhaust fans; The daylighting in the house depends on artificial lighting system all the year round, and axial flow fans are installed and mechanical negative pressure ventilation is carried out. The temperature and humidity in the house are regulated by changing the amount of ventilation and the speed of airflow. The cooling shall be strengthened by ventilation and air cooler shall be installed at the air inlet end of the chicken house. The advantage of this kind of chicken house is that it can reduce or eliminate the influence of adverse natural factors on the chicken flock, so that the chicken flock can give full play to the potential of the variety in a more stable and suitable environment, and stabilize the high yield. It can effectively control and master the sexual maturity of breeding chickens, monitor nutrition and material consumption more accurately, and improve the conversion rate of feed. Because it is almost in a closed state, it can prevent the invasion of wild birds and insects, greatly reducing the chance of pollution, thereby reducing the spread of diseases through natural vectors, which is conducive to health and epidemic prevention management. This kind of chicken house has a high degree of mechanization, high breeding density, and reduces labor intensity. At the same time, due to the use of mechanical ventilation, the interval between the chicken houses can be reduced, saving the construction area of the production area.

Planning, chicken coop, breeding, chicken farm, production, requirements, walkways, breeding, general, epidemic prevention

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